Also called "Post Fade Listen".
Some audio Mixing Desks permit the sound operator to listen into a single channel on the Headphones. 'After Fade Listen' is when the volume over the headphones is affected by the channel fader (on Pre Fade Listen the operator hears the channel irrespective of the fader position).
Generally pre-fade listen is more useful on a single channel. Post-fade listen is more useful for listening to the balance between more than one channel (such as 'all the strings but nothing else'). This could be a sub group AFL or an aux AFL. It is common for an aux out to be added to the AFL mix so the engineer can listen to the signal being sent to that aux. This could be a stage monitor. Commonly the PFL/AFL bus would go to an identical monitor wedge to that used on the stage placed at the side of the engineer.
See Also